salt/doc/topics/cloud/deploy.rst

========================
Cloud deployment scripts
========================

Salt Cloud works primarily by executing a script on the virtual machines as
soon as they become available. The script that is executed is referenced in the
cloud profile as the ``script``. In older versions, this was the ``os``
argument. This was changed in 0.8.2.

A number of legacy scripts exist in the deploy directory in the saltcloud
source tree. The preferred method is currently to use the salt-bootstrap
script. A stable version is included with each release tarball starting with
0.8.4. The most updated version can be found at:

https://github.com/saltstack/salt-bootstrap

Note that, somewhat counter-intuitively, this script is referenced as
``bootstrap-salt`` in the configuration.

You can specify a deploy script in the cloud configuration file
(``/etc/salt/cloud`` by default):

.. code-block:: yaml

    script: bootstrap-salt


Or in a provider:

.. code-block:: yaml

    my-provider:
      # snip...
      script: bootstrap-salt


Or in a profile:

.. code-block:: yaml

    my-profile:
      provider: my-provider
      # snip...
      script: bootstrap-salt


If you do not specify a script argument in your cloud configuration file,
provider configuration or profile configuration, the "bootstrap-salt" script
will be used by default.


Other Generic Deploy Scripts
============================
If you want to be assured of always using the latest Salt Bootstrap script,
there are a few generic templates available in the deploy directory of your
saltcloud source tree:

.. code-block:: bash

    curl-bootstrap
    curl-bootstrap-git
    python-bootstrap
    wget-bootstrap
    wget-bootstrap-git


These are example scripts which were designed to be customized, adapted, and
refit to meet your needs. One important use of them is to pass options to
the salt-bootstrap script, such as updating to specific git tags.


Custom Deploy Scripts
=====================

If the Salt Bootstrap script does not meet your needs, you may write your own.
The script should be written in shell and is a Jinja template. Deploy scripts
need to execute a number of functions to do a complete salt setup. These
functions include:

1. Install the salt minion. If this can be done via system packages this method
   is HIGHLY preferred.
2. Add the salt minion keys before the minion is started for the first time.
   The minion keys are available as strings that can be copied into place in
   the Jinja template under the dict named "vm".
3. Start the salt-minion daemon and enable it at startup time.
4. Set up the minion configuration file from the "minion" data available in
   the Jinja template.

A good, well commented example of this process is the Fedora deployment
script:

https://github.com/saltstack/salt/blob/develop/salt/cloud/deploy/Fedora.sh

A number of legacy deploy scripts are included with the release tarball. None
of them are as functional or complete as Salt Bootstrap, and are still included
for academic purposes.

Custom deploy scripts are picked up from ``/etc/salt/cloud.deploy.d`` by
default, but you can change the location of deploy scripts with the cloud
configuration ``deploy_scripts_search_path``. Additionally, if your deploy
script has the extension ``.sh``, you can leave out the extension in your
configuration.

For example, if your custom deploy script is located in
``/etc/salt/cloud.deploy.d/my_deploy.sh``, you could specify it in a cloud
profile like this:

.. code-block:: yaml

    my-profile:
      provider: my-provider
      # snip...
      script: my_deploy

You're also free to use the full path to the script if you like. Using full
paths, your script doesn't have to live inside ``/etc/salt/cloud.deploy.d`` or
whatever you've configured with ``deploy_scripts_search_path``.


Post-Deploy Commands
====================

Once a minion has been deployed, it has the option to run a salt command.
Normally, this would be the :py:func:`state.apply <salt.modules.state.apply_>`,
which would finish provisioning the VM. Another common option (for testing) is
to use :py:func:`test.version <salt.modules.test.version>`. This is configured in the
main cloud config file:

.. code-block:: yaml

    start_action: state.apply


This is currently considered to be experimental functionality, and may not work
well with all cloud hosts. If you experience problems with Salt Cloud hanging
after Salt is deployed, consider using Startup States instead:

http://docs.saltstack.com/ref/states/startup.html


Skipping the Deploy Script
==========================

For whatever reason, you may want to skip the deploy script altogether. This
results in a VM being spun up much faster, with absolutely no configuration.
This can be set from the command line:

.. code-block:: bash

    salt-cloud --no-deploy -p micro_aws my_instance


Or it can be set from the main cloud config file:

.. code-block:: yaml

    deploy: False


Or it can be set from the provider's configuration:

.. code-block:: yaml

    RACKSPACE.user: example_user
    RACKSPACE.apikey: 123984bjjas87034
    RACKSPACE.deploy: False


Or even on the VM's profile settings:

.. code-block:: yaml

    ubuntu_aws:
      provider: my-ec2-config
      image: ami-7e2da54e
      size: t1.micro
      deploy: False


The default for deploy is True.

In the profile, you may also set the script option to ``None``:

.. code-block:: yaml

    script: None


This is the slowest option, since it still uploads the None deploy script and
executes it.


Updating Salt Bootstrap
=======================
Salt Bootstrap can be updated automatically with ``salt-cloud``:

.. code-block:: bash

    salt-cloud -u
    salt-cloud --update-bootstrap


Bear in mind that this updates to the latest **stable** version from:

https://bootstrap.saltstack.com/stable/bootstrap-salt.sh

To update Salt Bootstrap script to the **develop** version, run the following
command on the Salt minion host with ``salt-cloud`` installed:

.. code-block:: bash

    salt-call config.gather_bootstrap_script 'https://bootstrap.saltstack.com/develop/bootstrap-salt.sh'

Or just download the file manually:

.. code-block:: bash

    curl -L 'https://bootstrap.saltstack.com/develop' > /etc/salt/cloud.deploy.d/bootstrap-salt.sh


Keeping /tmp/ Files
===================
When Salt Cloud deploys an instance, it uploads temporary files to /tmp/ for
salt-bootstrap to put in place. After the script has run, they are deleted. To
keep these files around (mostly for debugging purposes), the --keep-tmp option
can be added:

.. code-block:: bash

    salt-cloud -p myprofile mymachine --keep-tmp


For those wondering why /tmp/ was used instead of /root/, this had to be done
for images which require the use of sudo, and therefore do not allow remote
root logins, even for file transfers (which makes /root/ unavailable).


Deploy Script Arguments
=======================
Custom deploy scripts are unlikely to need custom arguments to be passed to
them, but salt-bootstrap has been extended quite a bit, and this may be
necessary. script_args can be specified in either the profile or the map file,
to pass arguments to the deploy script:

.. code-block:: yaml

    aws-amazon:
      provider: my-ec2-config
      image: ami-1624987f
      size: t1.micro
      ssh_username: ec2-user
      script: bootstrap-salt
      script_args: -c /tmp/


This has also been tested to work with pipes, if needed:

.. code-block:: yaml

    script_args: '| head'